The following data is determined for each link:
-
Speed driven:
The speed results from the assignment and corresponds to the average speed over a period of time. Static assignments are based on the AP value, dynamic assignments are based on the attribute of the respective time interval. -
Gradient class:
The gradient class is used for the COPERT categories heavy duty trucks and buses and results from the gradient attribute by classification as follows:
|
Value range |
Gradient class |
|
< -5 % |
-6 % |
|
-5 % to below -3% |
-4 % |
|
-3 % to below -1% |
-2 % |
|
-1 % to below 1% |
0 % |
|
1 % to below 3% |
2 % |
|
3 % to below 5% |
4 % |
|
5% and more |
6 % |
For the fleet composition used, the emission factor weighted according to the speed driven for each pollutant to be calculated is multiplied by the value of the volume attribute (AP) set for the demand segment and by the length of the link. The result is the warm emission for this pollutant, this link and this demand segment based on the analysis period. Multiplied by the respective projection factor, the amount is saved in the respective link attribute (AP and AH) and added to the network-wide emission (AP and AH).
If the calculation is also carried out per analysis time interval, the emission factor of the driven speed in the analysis time interval is taken as a basis and multiplied by the volume value for this interval and the link length. The result is then saved in the subattribute associated with the analysis time interval and added to the network-wide time-dependent emission.
Calculated pollutants
The following pollutants can be calculated in Visum. The pollutants are divided into three groups:
Group 1: Fuel consumption
|
Element |
Description |
|
FCMJ |
fuel consumption in [MJ] |
|
Gasoline* |
fuel consumption in [g] |
|
*Diesel |
fuel consumption in [g] |
|
Electric vehicles* |
Energy consumption in [MJ] |
* In order for vehicle strata to be taken into account for the calculation of fuel consumption, it must be possible to clearly assign the fuel.
Group 2: Greenhouse gases
|
Element |
Description |
|
CO2 reported |
carbon dioxide "reported", i.e. without considering the share of biofuels |
|
CO2 total |
carbon dioxide "total", computed as total CO2 from fuel consumption |
|
CO2e |
CO2 equivalents, calculated as Well-To-Wheel |
|
CH4 |
methane |
|
N2O |
nitrous oxide |
Group 3: Air pollutants
|
Element |
Description |
|
PM |
particle matters up to 10µm |
|
PM non-exhaust |
Particle matters up to 10µm, non-exhaust |
|
PM2.5 |
particle matters up to 2.5µm |
|
PM2.5 non-exhaust |
particle matters up to 2.5µm, non-exhaust |
|
SPN23 |
Number of particles (corresponds to PN in HBEFA) |
|
BC exhaust |
black carbon, exhaust |
|
BC non-exhaust |
Black carbon, non-exhaust |
|
Pb |
lead |
|
NH3 |
ammoniac |
|
SO2 |
sulfur dioxide |
|
NO2 |
nitrogen dioxide |
|
VOC |
Hydrocarbons (corresponds to HC in HBEFA) |
|
NMVOC |
non-methane hydrocarbons (corresponds to NMHC in HBEFA) |
|
Benzene |
benzene |
|
NOx |
nitrogen oxide |
|
CO |
carbon monoxide |
